Artificial intelligence is expected to automate the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs around the world, many of which are office jobs. This raises the question: Can artificial intelligence eliminate work that employees find meaningless and psychologically frustrating?
In 2013, the late radical anthropologist David Graeber provided the world with a unique way of thinking about this issue in an article titled “On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs.” The anti-capitalist comment by the man who helped create the iconic “Occupy Wall Street” slogan “99%” went viral online and seemed to reflect the frustration that prevailed in the 21st century. Graber wrote it into a book that takes a more in-depth look at the issue.
He said economist John Maynard Keynes’s dream of a 15-hour workweek never came true because humans had invented millions of useless jobs that even the people who did them could not justify their existence. According to a study by Dutch economists Robert Dur and Max van Lent, a quarter of the workforce in rich countries believes their work may be meaningless. If workers feel that labor is frustrating and that the work does not contribute anything to society, what are the reasons for retaining those jobs?
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the stakes in this issue have intensified, and with it comes the spectre of jobs being replaced. A recent estimate from Goldman Sachs found that generative artificial intelligence could eventually automate the activities equivalent to approximately 300 million full-time jobs worldwide, many of them in office roles such as administrators and middle managers.
Artificial intelligence is good at repetitive tasks and has the potential to automate “follower” roles, such as administrative assistants, and “thugs” tasks, such as telemarketing. However, economists worry that replacing these jobs with lower-paying, less meaningful jobs will hollow out the middle class.
While AI can create new characters, some experts worry that these roles will become even more meaningless, such as “AI nannies” who oversee automated tasks. The emotional aspects of work that requires empathy, such as customer service, may also be weakened.
Ultimately, artificial intelligence may exacerbate existing problems at work, but it will not solve them. The question of what constitutes meaningful work remains complex, and even in new roles, employees may continue to struggle with a sense of meaninglessness.
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Original text:https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/03/business/ai-replacing-jobs.html
Reprinted:http://www.rtryy.com/news/show/215118/
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