20. Iodophor (France): Invented by French doctor J.G.A. Lugol and named after him. In 1812, French pharmacist Courtois extracted iodine from algae for the first time.
19. Stethoscope (France): In 1816, French doctor Rene Laennec used a long roll tube to filter the sound from the patient’s chest to the ears, thus creating the world’s first stethoscope.
18. Syringe: Irish surgeons invented a needle with fine holes in 1844, and then used this needle and the principle of universal gravity to make a puncture cannula similar to the present day, also called a trocar. Another 10 years later, the modern fine hole needle hypodermic syringe was born. In 1853, Scottish physician Wood equipped a thin glass tube with a push-pull piston so that when medicine was applied to patients, the injected dose could be clearly seen through the transparent glass tube.
17. CT(UK): Hausfield was born in 1919 in Nottingham County, the science city of the UK, and joined EMI Company in 1951. Without knowing the results of Cormac’s research, he studied the technology of computer processing tomographic images in 1961. In 1967, he came up with the idea of computer tomography, and was patented in 1968.
16. Electroencephalograph (Germany): In the 1920s, German neuroscientist Hans Berger led the team to invent the first true electroencephalograph instrument, which can record more precise EEG signals, making it easier for people to study brain activity. The original EEG sensors were made of metal electrodes that were used to contact the scalp to capture electrical activity in the brain.
15. Cardiac pacemaker (United States): Hyman, a thoracic doctor at a hospital in New York, the United States, repeatedly discovered during puncture and administration of drugs that when the needle tip stimulates the right atrium, the atrial muscle can be depolarized and contract. After years of exploration and research, Hyman designed and manufactured an electric pulse generator driven by a clockwork in 1932. The net weight of this device reaches 7.2 kilograms, and the pulse frequency can be adjusted to 30, 60 and 120 times per minute.
14. Anesthesia machine: In 1804, Japanese doctor Hanaoka Aoku performed breast cancer resection on a woman, marking the world’s first general anesthesia. The first record of modern medicine using anesthetic technology was recorded in Jefferson, Georgia, USA on March 30, 1842. Dr. Crawford Long used anesthesia for the first time while helping his wife deliver a baby. In 1844, dentist Horace Wales, with the help of friends, received laughing gas anesthesia and extracted his molar.
13. Nuclear magnetic resonance instrument (United States): In 1952, Varian developed the world’s first commercial nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and used it for oil exploration. In 1976, through the combination of computer technology, electronic circuit technology and superconductor technology, British scientist Mansfield obtained the world’s first tomographic image of the human body. Since then, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has rapidly expanded into clinical medical applications and other broader fields.
12. Oximeter (Japan): Takuo Aoyagi showed his invention, the pulse oximeter, to Japanese anesthesiologists for the first time at the Japanese Society of Clinical Anesthesiology Academic Conference held in Tokyo, Japan in 1989. However, it was not until 2002, when the Japan Association of Anesthesiologists awarded him an award for his contribution to society that his name and Nippon Optoelectronics’s pulse oximeter were known to Japanese anesthesiologists.
11. Microscope (Netherlands): The earliest microscope was manufactured in the Netherlands in 1611. The inventor was Yas Jensen, a Dutch optician. At the same time, another Dutch scientist, Hans Lipsch, also built a microscope. Later, two people began to use microscopes in science. The first was the Italian scientist Galileo. He first described the compound eye of an insect after observing it through a microscope in 1611.
10. Electrocardiograph (Netherlands): Willem Einthoven (May 21, 1860-September 29, 1927) was a Dutch physician and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram machine (ECG or EKG) in 1895, for which he won the 1924 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (“for discovering the mechanism of electrocardiogram”).
9. Sphygmomanometer (Italy): The sphygmomanometer used by doctors was invented by Italian scientist Hippione Rivaroch in 1896. It has an inflatable cuff that blocks the flow of blood. Doctors use a stethoscope to listen for the pulse and read the blood pressure on a scale.
8. Thermometer (Italy): The earliest thermometer was invented in 1593 by Italian scientist Galileo (1564 – 1642). His first thermometer was a glass tube with an open end and a glass bubble the size of a walnut at the other end. When using it, heat the glass bulb first, and then insert the glass tube into the water. As the temperature changes, the water surface in the glass tube will move up and down, and the temperature change and temperature level can be determined based on how much it moves.
7. Gastroscope (Germany): The earliest gastroscope was the Kusmore tube invented by the German Kusmore in 1868 by drawing on the swordsmanship of Jianghu. It is a long metal tube with a mirror at the end. Because this gastroscope could easily puncture the patient’s esophagus, it was soon abandoned.
6. Ventilators (United States): In 1864, American Alfred Jones invented the world’s first negative pressure ventilator. It is mainly to create high and low air pressures to fill in the breathing movement that should be caused by the diaphragm. In 1927, the Harvard University ventilator iron lung was introduced. It was also a box-type external negative pressure ventilation device that allowed patients to inhale more air through negative pressure.
5. Blood glucose meter (United States): The inventor of the blood glucose meter was Tom Clemens. He began to study blood glucose meters in 1966. In 1968, he first developed several models of blood glucose meters and applied for a patent in April of that year. The first truly commercial blood glucose meter, Dextrometer, was launched by Ames Company in 1979.
4. B-ultrasound (UK): B-ultrasound was invented in 1950 by Professor Ian Donald of the University of Glasgow in Scotland, UK, and was first used for gynecological examinations. Ultrasound medicine is an imaging discipline that uses the physical characteristics of ultrasound for diagnosis and treatment
3. X-ray machine (Germany): In 1895, the discovery of X-rays by German physicist Wilm Konrad Rontgen led to the emergence of new diagnostic tools used by doctors. A few months after he discovered X-rays, Russell Reynolds built this X-ray machine. This is one of the oldest X-ray machines in the world.
2. Enteroscopy (Japan): In 1950, Japanese doctor Daruro Uji successfully invented the prototype of a flexible gastroscope: the intragastric camera, which became the origin of modern gastroscopy.
1. Antibiotics (UK): In 1929, when British bacteriologist Fleming cultivated bacteria in a petri dish, he found that there were no bacteria growing around the colonies of Penicillium that accidentally fell on the culture medium from the air. He believed it was Penicillium. The bacteria produced a certain chemical substance, which was secreted into the culture medium and inhibited the growth of the bacteria. This chemical was the first discovered antibiotic: penicillin.
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